How can you know if information is appropriate for your research? Consider the source and apply the "CRAAP test" for Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose:
CRAAP | Questions to Consider ... |
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Currency | - When was the information published or last updated?
- Have newer articles been published on your topic?
- Are links or references to other sources up to date?
- Is your topic in an area that changes rapidly, like technology or popular culture?
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Relevance | - Does the information answer your research question?
- Does the information meet the stated requirements of the assignment?
- Is the information too technical or too simplified for you to use?
- Does the source add something new to your knowledge of the topic?
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Authority | - What are the author's credentials?
- Is the author affiliated with an educational institution or prominent organization?
- Can you find information about the author from reference sources or the Internet?
- Do other books or authors cite the author?
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Accuracy | - Are there statements you know to be false?
- Are there errors in spelling, punctuation, or grammar?
- Was the information reviewed by editors or subject experts before it was published?
- What citations or references support the author's claims?
- What do other people have to say about the topic?
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Purpose | - Is the author's purpose to sell, persuade, entertain, or inform?
- Is there an obvious bias or prejudice?
- Are alternative points of view presented?
- Does the author omit important facts or data that might disprove the claim?
- Does the author use strong or emotional language?
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CRAAP acronym used courtesy of Meriam Library, California State University Chico and questions courtesy of University of Wyoming's Tutorial for Information Power (TIP).